Common Plastic Chemicals Linked to Millions of Preterm Births Worldwide

Plastic is part of daily life. From food containers to bath products, it is hard to avoid, and most families do not think twice about it. Yet new research from NYU Langone Health shows that certain plastic chemicals may be linked to preterm birth, a leading cause of infant death and developmental challenges.

Also read: 3 Kuwento Ng Napaagang Panganganak, Iba-Ibang Dahilan Ng Preterm Labor

A study published in eClinicalMedicine provides the first global estimate of preterm births connected to common plastic chemicals known as phthalates, specifically di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and its replacement diisononyl phthalate (DiNP). These chemicals are widely used to make plastic flexible and durable.

Researchers analyzed data from 200 countries in 2018, combining national surveys, previous studies on chemical exposure, and global preterm birth statistics to estimate the impact. They found that DEHP exposure may be linked to 1.2 million years lived with disability due to complications from preterm birth, while DiNP may contribute to approximately 1.88 million preterm births worldwide.

“By estimating how much phthalate exposure may contribute to preterm birth worldwide, our findings highlight that reducing exposure, especially in vulnerable regions, could help prevent early births and the health problems that often follow,” said study lead author Sara Hyman, MS.

Some regions carry a larger share of the burden. The Middle East and South Asia account for more than half of DEHP-related illness. Africa has fewer cases but a higher death rate due to preterm birth.

What makes this issue more complicated is how widespread phthalates are. They are found in food packaging, plastic wrap, toys, flooring, and even in products labeled as part of a self-care routine. Fragrances in lotions, shampoos, and perfumes can also contain these chemicals, even if they are not clearly listed on labels.

“Our analysis makes clear that regulating phthalates one at a time and swapping in poorly understood replacements is unlikely to solve the larger problem,” said senior author Dr. Leonardo Trasande.

He added, “We are playing a dangerous game of Whac-A-Mole with hazardous chemicals, and these findings highlight the urgent need for stronger, class-wide oversight of plastic additives to avoid repeating the same mistakes.”

Phthalates are endocrine disruptors, meaning they interfere with hormones that regulate pregnancy. Even small changes can affect how the placenta delivers oxygen and nutrients to the baby. When this process is disrupted, the risk of early labor may increase.

Researchers believe inflammation also plays a role. Chemical exposure may weaken membranes and affect how the placenta attaches to the uterus, which can trigger contractions earlier than expected.

Experts stress that there is no single cause. Instead, a combination of hormonal imbalance, placental stress, and inflammation may lead to preterm birth.

Completely avoiding phthalates is difficult, but small steps can help. For example, start by using “phthalate-free” products, switching to glass or stainless steel for food, limiting heavily fragranced personal care items, and keeping spaces well ventilated. While no measure offers full protection, these choices can still reduce exposure.

Take the first step toward a plastic-free home—click to explore.